12/5/2023 0 Comments Von neumann entropy![]() ![]() Investigation of bipartite entanglement for identical particles started some time ago 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 but, differently from the case of distinguishable particles, the subject has remained controversial 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Completely characterizing the quantum features of these composite systems is thus a crucial requirement from both fundamental and technological viewpoint. Systems of identical particles constitute the basic building blocks of quantum information theory, being present in Bose-Einstein condensates 1, 2, quantum dots 3, 4, 5, 6, superconducting circuits 7 and optical setups 8, 9. Our results are generalizable to multiparticle systems and open the way for further developments in quantum information processing exploiting particle identity as a resource. For the case of two qutrits in the same place, we show that their entanglement behavior, whose physical interpretation is given, differs from that obtained before by different methods. We study paradigmatic two-particle systems where identical qubits and qutrits are located in the same place or in separated places. We find that it is affected by single-particle measurement localization and state overlap. Here we prove, using a newly developed approach, a universal Schmidt decomposition which allows faithful quantification of the physical entanglement due to the identity of particles. Yet, its formulation for identical particles remains controversial, jeopardizing its application to analyze general many-body quantum systems. Schmidt decomposition is a widely employed tool of quantum theory which plays a key role for distinguishable particles in scenarios such as entanglement characterization, theory of measurement and state purification. ![]()
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